Forestry

Downed woody debris, measured from the air

Every log on a post harvest unit delineated, measured, and classed by decay, with standing trees identified to species.

Client
Oregon Department of Forestry
Location
Timber sale unit near Logsden, Lincoln County, Oregon
Years
2023
Lane
Forestry

The problem

After a harvest, ODF needs to know how much downed woody debris was left on the unit, in what size and decay classes, and what the standing trees are. Transects sample a few strips of it and take a crew a day. We measured all of it from one flight.

What we flew

  • RGB orthomosaic and LiDAR for structure
  • MicaSense RedEdge MX multispectral for species of standing trees
  • Flown in August, processed and mapped in Oregon Statewide Lambert with imperial units so volumes come out in the units the contract uses

What we delivered

  • Every piece of downed woody debris delineated and attributed with decay class and cubic feet
  • Class 1 and 2 cubic feet per acre labeled in every one acre cell, with the class 3 to 5 totals by stratum, for the uplands and the riparian management areas separately
  • Pieces per acre and trees per acre by diameter class
  • Standing live and dead trees classified to species
  • Riparian management areas carried through every product
  • 17 by 22 map sheet, GeoPackage vectors, GeoTIFF rasters, and the classified LAS

The unit had two strata, uplands and riparian management areas, and the sheet answers both the same way: volume by decay class in every acre, and the standing trees by species. The riparian areas ran to red alder, the uplands to western hemlock, and each stratum carries its own species pie. Species came out at 94 percent against the field checks and decay class at 92 percent.

The species work runs on the multispectral bands; the debris work runs on the ortho and the LiDAR. One flight day covered both.

We showed the method at the Oregon Society of American Foresters annual meeting in Ashland in 2024.

The full 2023 map sheet: debris volume by decay class in one acre cells, species pie charts for the uplands and riparian areas, and the unit table.
The 2023 map sheet. Debris volume per acre by decay class, with species of the standing trees for the uplands and the riparian management areas.
RGB orthomosaic of the post harvest unit before detection.
The RGB orthomosaic of the unit before detection.
Standing trees by species and downed logs by decay class drawn over the hillshade of the unit.
Detection overlay. Standing trees by species, every log drawn and classed by decay, over the hillshade.
Table of the five log decomposition classes by texture, bark, branches and shape, with a ground photo of a fresh log and a soft, sunken one.
The five decay classes, and what class 1 and 2 pieces look like on the ground next to class 3 to 5.
Five sample crowns cut from the orthomosaic, one per tree species, used to train the species classifier.
Training samples for each standing tree species, cut from the multispectral orthomosaic.
Color infrared orthomosaic of the post harvest unit: live canopy in red, slash and bare ground in grey and blue.
Color infrared from the RedEdge MX over the unit. Live canopy separates from slash and bare ground at a glance.

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